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The pine grosbeak (''Pinicola enucleator'') is a large member of the true finch family, Fringillidae. It is found in coniferous woods across Alaska, the western mountains of the United States, Canada, and in subarctic Fennoscandia and Siberia. The species is a frugivore, especially in winter, favoring small fruits, such as rowans (mountain-ashes in the New World). With fruit-crop abundance varying from year to year, pine grosbeak is one of many subarctic-resident bird species that exhibit irruptive behavior. In irruption years, individuals can move long distances in search of suitable food supplies, bringing them farther south and/or downslope than is typical of years with large fruit crops. In such years in the New World, they may occur well south of the typical extent of winter distribution, which is the northern Great Lakes region and northern New England in the United States. This species is a very rare vagrant to temperate Europe; in all of Germany for example, not more than 4 individuals and often none at all have been recorded each year since 1980. ==Description== Pinicola-enucleator-002.jpg|Adult female Pinicola enucleator5.jpg|Immature male Pine Grosbeak, female.jpg|Front view of female, notice forked tail, Gatineau Park, Quebec Pinicola enucleator MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.220 Suomussalmi Naurois.jpg|Eggs of ''Pinicola enucleator'' MHNT This species is one of the largest species in the true finch family. It measures from in length and weighs from , with an average mass of . Among standard measurements, the wing chord is , the tail is , the bill is and the tarsus is .〔''CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses'' by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5.〕 Adults have a long forked black tail, black wings with white wing bars and a large bill. Adult males have a rose-red head, back and rump. Adult females are olive-yellow on the head and rump and grey on the back and underparts. Young birds have a less contrasting plumage overall, appearing shaggy when they moult their colored head plumage. Its voice is geographically variable, and includes a whistled ''pui pui pui'' or ''chii-vli''. The song is a short musical warble. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pine grosbeak」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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